Ireland and Dementia

The prevalence of dementia among EU member states has shown a notable decrease over the past decade compared to earlier estimates. According to the latest data, approximately 7.85 million individuals were living with dementia within the European Union in 2018, while the broader region, which includes non-EU countries as represented by Alzheimer Europe, had around 9.78 million individuals affected. However, these numbers are expected to shift over time due to factors such as population aging, advances in healthcare, and potential differences in the methodologies used to measure dementia prevalence across various countries. Future projections indicate a significant rise in dementia cases within the EU by 2050, largely driven by demographic changes as populations continue to age.

The ongoing work and research addressing dementia-related challenges were brought to the forefront during the 34th Alzheimer Europe Conference held in Geneva in October. The conference, themed “New horizons – Innovating for dementia,” brought together 963 delegates from 42 European countries, including Ireland, to tackle the pressing issues associated with dementia. The gathering highlighted emerging breakthroughs in dementia treatment, the evolution of social attitudes toward the condition, and the importance of embracing new technologies to build a truly dementia-inclusive society. Notably, the first plenary session was a joint session led by the European Working Group of People with Dementia (EWGPWD) and the European Dementia Carers Working Group (EDCWG), chaired by Alzheimer Europe’s Executive Director, Jean Georges. This session focused on the interconnected themes of living with dementia, maintaining relationships, and fostering independence, showcasing diverse experiences and perspectives from across Europe.

In Ireland, the Irish Alzheimer Society (ASI) estimates that around 64,000 individuals currently live with dementia, with projections suggesting this figure could rise to 150,000 by 2045. Furthermore, approximately 500,000 Irish citizens have family members affected by dementia, illustrating the widespread impact of the condition. However, individuals with dementia and their carers often report facing substantial obstacles in accessing the necessary services, which compounds the challenges associated with the condition. The ASI has documented that individuals frequently experience administrative hurdles, stress, and frustration as they navigate the system to secure support and services. In particular, ASI research found that 63% of dementia carers reported difficulties accessing services, with 25% describing these difficulties as “great.” Furthermore, nearly two-thirds of respondents receiving home care have encountered delays or reductions in home support hours, mainly due to a shortage of home care workers. Individuals with dementia also struggle with low mood, loneliness, and isolation, with many rating their mental health as poor or fair.

Despite these challenges, Ireland has made considerable efforts to improve the landscape of dementia treatment and services. A significant milestone in this journey was the commitment to develop a National Dementia Strategy (NDS), included in the Programme for Government 2011-2016. This strategy was shaped with input from an expert working group comprising clinicians, healthcare professionals, researchers, and representatives from the Irish Department of Health and the Health Service Executive (HSE). Following the development of the NDS, the National Dementia Office (NDO) was established in 2015 within the HSE, tasked with overseeing the strategy’s implementation and guiding the execution of the 35 actions outlined in the NDS.

In 2017, the NDO launched two critical projects: the diagnostic and post-diagnostic support projects. These initiatives aimed to investigate current practices, identify best practices, and establish models for dementia diagnosis and post-diagnosis support. The focus on these projects was to address the knowledge gaps within Ireland, with an emphasis on gathering evidence to support the development of best-practice care. Ultimately, the NDS’s goal was to advance the principles of personhood and citizenship for those living with dementia, promoting the dignity, resilience, and identity of individuals affected by the condition. These goals align closely with the statements made during the 34th Alzheimer Europe Conference, underscoring the importance of inclusivity and active citizenship for individuals with dementia and their carers.

However, the practical implementation of these ambitions remains mixed, particularly when it comes to funding. While the Irish government has made substantial investments in home support services for older adults, adding an additional €235 million since Budget 2020, dementia-specific funding has been relatively limited. For instance, in 2023, the government allocated only €2.1 million to enable dementia day care centers to reopen at full capacity. Currently, Ireland has 58 dementia day care centers in operation, but the allocation of funds remains inadequate to support widespread access to these crucial services. Overall, Budget 2025 provided €2.3 million for dementia initiatives, bringing the total new investment in dementia services since 2021 to €19 million—a figure viewed as insufficient by many advocates.

Despite funding challenges, there have been recent initiatives that signal progress, such as the launch of the Model of Care for Dementia in Ireland. Recognized by ASI as a “gamechanger,” the Model of Care offers a structured pathway for dementia care from diagnosis to end of life. The Model of Care outlines targets and pathways for dementia services, including the establishment of Memory Technology Resource Rooms, Memory Assessment Support Services, and Specialist Regional Memory Clinics. These services are already being developed, building on existing dementia support infrastructure. ASI also reports positive collaborations with the National Dementia Services team and the HSE’s Enhanced Community Care Programme, with additional support from Integrated Care for Older Persons teams and new Assistant Director of Nursing positions focused on dementia service improvement.

Nevertheless, obstacles remain in fully implementing the Model of Care. ASI has highlighted the need for a clear, time-bound implementation plan and multi-annual funding to ensure sustained progress. Addressing service gaps and regional disparities is also essential, as access to dementia services in Ireland remains inconsistent, particularly in rural areas. For Ireland to effectively support its dementia community, it is critical to prioritize equal access to services and invest in resources that support timely diagnosis, comprehensive care, and ongoing support for individuals and their families.

Looking forward, Ireland has the potential to significantly advance its response to the dementia crisis if it can address these challenges. By developing a comprehensive, well-funded Model of Care that prioritizes inclusivity and accessibility, the country can lay the foundation for a robust dementia support system. Achieving this goal would position Ireland as a model for dementia care, both nationally and globally, as populations continue to age and dementia prevalence rises.

Moreover, Ireland’s efforts align with broader EU initiatives and research on dementia. The Alzheimer Europe Conference highlighted the need for innovative and inclusive approaches to dementia care, echoing Ireland’s aims in the Model of Care for Dementia. This shared vision of a dementia-inclusive society, supported by collaborative efforts across borders, reflects an evolving understanding of the complexities of dementia and the importance of comprehensive support systems.

As Ireland continues to refine its approach to dementia, it will be essential to remain adaptable and responsive to emerging research and technologies. The dementia landscape is rapidly evolving, with advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and caregiving models reshaping what is possible. For Ireland to stay at the forefront of dementia care, it must invest not only in services but also in research and innovation that will drive future improvements.

Ireland has made strides in its approach to dementia through initiatives such as the National Dementia Strategy, the establishment of the National Dementia Office, and the development of the Model of Care. However, these efforts must be backed by sustained investment, comprehensive implementation plans, and a commitment to bridging regional disparities. By addressing these challenges and prioritizing access to dementia services, Ireland can create a more inclusive, supportive society for those affected by dementia, setting an example for other nations facing similar demographic shifts. The journey toward effective dementia care requires collaboration, innovation, and dedication, but with the right focus, Ireland has the opportunity to transform the dementia care landscape and provide a brighter future for individuals and families impacted by this condition.